When a user asked, “Is modi a fascist”, Gemini AI responded that Mr. Modi had “been accused of implementing policies that some experts have characterized as fascist”. Violations of several provisions of the Criminal code,” Mr. Chandrasekhar said on X, formerly Twitter. His sharp reaction reveals a fault line between the Indian government’s hands-off approach to AI research, and tech giants’ AI platforms which are keen to train their models quickly with the general public, opening them up to embarrassing confrontations with political leaders.

Draft AI regulation framework to be released by July: Rajeev Chandrasekhar

Google did not immediately respond to a request for comment.

‘Trial models unacceptable’

Rule 3(1)(b) of the IT Rules say that online platforms should inform users “not to host, display, upload, modify… or share any information that… belongs to another person,… is grossly harmful, defamatory, obscene, pornographic, paedophilic, or otherwise unlawful in any manner”.

This is not the first time Mr. Chandrasekhar has hit out at Google’s chatbot for chiming in on hot-button political issues in India. Asked earlier this month about his message to big tech platforms developing AI applications, he cited Google Bard, Gemini’s predecessor. Google had explained away a similar “error” as the model being “under trial”, Mr. Chandrasekhar said. This was not an acceptable excuse, he noted.

“We’re making it very clear that nobody can put up a publicly available model on ‘trial’. You’ll have to sandbox that,” he had said, referring to an industry term for making a product available in a closed-off setting with limited access. “Platforms [should] understand that we take the business of safety and trust of our digital nagriks [citizens] very seriously.”

Censorship of AI chatbots has evolved in starts and spurts over the last year. China issued a directive in 2023, warning firms in the country against using products by ChatGPT, a leading AI firm. Google itself may have implemented controls on its chatbots in at least one other authoritarian regime: the Bard chatbot refused to respond to political queries on Vladimir Putin when those questions were asked in Russian, according to Aleksandra Urman and Mykola Makhortykh, researchers from the University of Zurich and the University of Bern in Switzerland.

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